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標題: 海洋農業、海洋食品與海洋藥物 [打印本頁]
作者: ccarter0329 時間: 2011-1-29 06:42 標題: 海洋農業、海洋食品與海洋藥物
經濟學家預言:21世紀將是海洋的世紀。「海洋水產生產農牧化」、「藍色革命計劃」和「海水農業」構成未來海洋農業發展的主要方向。
「海洋水產生產農牧化」就是通過人為干涉,改造海洋環境,以創造經濟生物生長發育所需的良好環境條件,同時也對生物本身進行必要的改造,以提高它們的質量和產量。具體就是建立育苗廠、養殖場、增殖站,進行人工育苗、養殖、增殖和放流,使海洋成為魚、蝦、貝、藻的農牧場。中國目前已是世界第一海水養殖大國。隨著海洋生物技術在育種、育苗、病害防治和產品開發方面的進一步發展,海水養殖業在21世紀將向高技術產業轉化。
「藍色革命計劃」是著眼於大洋深處海水的利用。在大洋深處,深層水溫只有8°~9℃,氮和磷是表層海水的200倍和15倍,極富營養。將深層水抽上來,遇到充足的陽光,就會形成一個產量倍增的新的人工生態系統。溫差可以用來發電或直接用於農業生產。美國和日本已經在進行這種人工上升流試驗,認為將引發一場海水養殖的革命,所以稱為「藍色革命」。
「海水農業」是指直接用海水灌溉農作物,開發沿岸帶的鹽鹼地、沙漠和荒地。「藍色革命計劃」是把海水養殖業由近海向大洋擴展。「海水農業」則是要迫使陸地植物「下海」,這是與以淡水和土壤為基礎的陸地農業的根本區別。人類為了獲得耐海水的植物正在進行艱苦的探索,除了採用篩選、雜交育種外,還採用了細胞工程和基因工程育種。這些研究仍在繼續,目前採用品種篩選和雜交等傳統方法已經獲得了可以用海水灌溉的小麥、大麥和西紅柿等。
摘自現代科學知識熱點
海洋生物具有獨特的營養價值,含有多種生物活性物質,越來越多地成為人類保健食品和藥品的重要來源。
海洋食品浮出海面
海洋生物富含易於消化的蛋白質和氨基酸。食物蛋白的營養價值主要取決於氨基酸的組成,海洋中魚、蝦、貝、蟹等生物蛋白質含量豐富,人體所必需的9種氨基酸含量充足,尤其是賴氨酸含量更比植物性食物高出許多,且易於被人體吸收。日本等國研製的濃縮魚蛋白、功能魚蛋白、海洋牛肉等,均以魚類為主要原料製成。
海洋生物含有獨特的脂肪酸。海洋生物中含有較多的不飽和脂肪酸,尤其是含有一定量的高度不飽和脂肪酸,為禽畜肉和植物性食物所不含,這種脂肪酸有助於防止動脈粥樣硬化。以魚油為原料製成的藥品和保健食品對心血管疾病有特殊療效。
海洋生物是無機鹽和微量元素的寶庫。海蝦、海魚中鈣的含量是禽畜肉的幾倍至幾十倍;海帶中富含碘元素;魚肉中的鐵最易被人體吸收;用魚骨等加工製成的「海洋鈣素」「生物活性鈣」對防治缺鈣有獨特療效。
海洋藥物踏浪而來
海洋不僅為人類提供食品、能源和礦產,而且是人類未來的大藥房。據估計,從海洋生物中提制的藥品達2萬種。海洋藥物按其用途大致可分為心腦血管藥物、抗癌藥物、抗微生物感染藥物、癒合傷口藥物、保健藥物等。
生長在海洋這一特殊生態環境中的海洋生物,其生長和代謝過程中產生並積累了大量的天然產物,這些產物具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、免疫等多種生物活性物質。隨著生命科學的發展,人們發現在許多生物資源中含有對生物體和人體具有重要的調控生理功能作用的有效成分,其中不少對維繫生態環境和生命的最佳狀態具有重要意義。科學家將這類有效成分命名為生物活性物質,如海藻中含有的牛磺酸,可有效防止膳食脂肪吸收,具有降低血膽固醇、降低血壓等功效;海參中的海參素、刺參酸等活性成分有抗癌作用等。
海洋藥物研製正成為各國新藥研究的新熱點,海洋藥物資源的開發利用已取得令人矚目的進展。日本、美國和英國等國家迄今已在海洋生物中發現並提取出了3000多種具有醫用價值的生物活性物質,在獲取抗細菌、抗病毒、抗癌和抗心血管藥物方面已取得了明顯的成效。
作者: uyk80x0z 時間: 2017-11-25 22:09 標題: piyo boiling. a movement of 3 groups
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